護理師即將為感染手術傷口病人換藥。若有噴濺風險，需要哪些 PPE？（選所有適合的）
The nurse is about to change the dressing of a client with an infected surgical wound. Which PPE is required if there is a risk of splashing? (Select all that apply.)
- AGloves✓ 正解手套
- BGown✓ 正解隔離衣
- CFace shield✓ 正解面罩
- DShoe covers鞋套
- ESurgical mask✓ 正解外科口罩
在醫療照護過程中，當護理師進行可能接觸到病人體液、血液或分泌物，且存在噴濺風險的操作時，必須正確穿戴個人防護裝備（Personal Protective Equipment, PPE），以保護自己免受病原體感染，並防止病原體傳播。為感染手術傷口病人換藥，由於傷口可能流膿、出血，且在清潔或移除舊敷料時，液體可能發生噴濺，因此需要全面的防護。 正確答案A、B、C、E皆為在有噴濺風險時所需的PPE。手套（Gloves）保護手部，隔離衣（Gown）保護身體和衣物，外科口罩（Surgical mask）保護口鼻黏膜，面罩（Face shield）或護目鏡則保護眼睛和臉部黏膜。這些PPE的組合能形成一道完整的屏障，有效阻擋潛在的感染源，確保護理師在執行高風險操作時的安全。選擇和穿戴適當的PPE是感染控制的核心環節，體現了護理師對自身和病人安全的責任。
When performing patient care that may involve contact with body fluids, blood, or secretions and there is risk of splashing, the nurse must wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent pathogen exposure and transmission. Changing the dressing on an infected surgical wound carries a risk of splashing during cleansing or dressing removal because the wound may exude pus or blood, so comprehensive protection is required. The correct answers (A, B, C, E) form a complete protective barrier. Gloves protect the hands, gown protects the body and clothing, a surgical mask protects oral and nasal mucosa, and a face shield (or goggles) protects the eyes and facial mucous membranes. Selecting and donning appropriate PPE is a core component of infection control and reflects the nurse's responsibility for personal and patient safety.
美國感控強調依據「Anticipated exposure」（預期暴露）選擇 PPE；台灣較常採取固定組合。