— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
給予靜脈注射氯化鉀時,哪項安全預防措施是必要的?
Which safety precaution is essential when administering intravenous potassium chloride?
- AVerify the patient's blood pressure prior to administration給藥前確認病患血壓
- BAdminister as a direct IV bolus作為靜脈推注給藥
- CEnsure the concentration is appropriately diluted✓ 正解確保濃度適當稀釋
- DFlush the line with heparin以肝素沖洗管路
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀(KCl)是一種高警訊藥物(High-Alert Medication),具有強烈的組織刺激性與心臟毒性。若以直接推注(IV bolus)方式給予,高濃度的鉀離子會瞬間進入血液循環,極易引發致命性的心律不整(如心室顫動)或導致局部血管壁壞死。臨床安全原則要求 KCl 必須經過充分稀釋,並透過輸液幫浦(Infusion pump)精確控制滴速給予。給藥前的護理重點為確認腎功能正常,因鉀離子主要經由腎臟排泄,若有腎衰竭風險則需極度謹慎。
Potassium chloride must be appropriately diluted to prevent severe complications such as phlebitis, tissue necrosis, and life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Direct IV bolus administration is strictly contraindicated due to the risk of fatal cardiac arrest, and the medication should always be infused via a pump at a controlled rate.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國臨床,KCl 靜脈輸注通常有嚴格的濃度限制(例如周邊靜脈通常不超過 10 mEq/100mL),且必須使用輸液幫浦。台美在給藥安全性原則上高度一致,皆嚴格禁止 IV Push。