— 照護管理 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師正在收納一位有泌尿道感染（UTI）症狀的病人，下列何項評估發現需要立即追蹤？
A nurse is admitting a client with symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which assessment finding requires immediate follow-up?
- ACloudy or foul-smelling urine尿液混濁或有異味
- BDysuria (painful urination)排尿疼痛
- CFever and flank pain✓ 正解發燒和側腹痛（腎區疼痛）
- DUrgency and frequency of urination尿急和頻尿
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
泌尿道感染（UTI）若僅侷限於膀胱，通常表現為頻尿、急尿、排尿疼痛與尿液混濁。但若出現發燒合併腰部疼痛（Flank pain），則極可能提示感染已向上蔓延至腎臟，發展為腎盂腎炎（Pyelonephritis）。這是嚴重的併發症，可能導致腎功能受損或敗血症，需立即就醫並進行抗生素治療。其他症狀皆為膀胱炎常見表現，雖需治療但不若腎盂腎炎急迫。
Fever and flank pain require immediate follow-up as they indicate pyelonephritis, an upper urinary tract infection that can lead to sepsis or permanent kidney damage. While cloudy urine, dysuria, urgency, and frequency are common symptoms of lower UTIs like cystitis, the presence of systemic signs and flank pain signals a more severe, urgent condition requiring prompt antibiotic treatment.