一位護理師正在檢視病人的電子健康紀錄，注意到病人有 DNR（不施行心肺復甦術）醫囑。護理師需要執行哪項行動？
A nurse is reviewing a client's electronic health record and notes that the client has a DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) order. Which action is required by the nurse?
- AContinue with standard resuscitation measures.繼續執行標準復甦措施。
- BIgnore the DNR order if the situation is critical.若情況危急則忽略 DNR 醫囑。
- CConsult the family before acting on the DNR.在執行 DNR 前諮詢家屬。
- DRespect the client's wishes and do not initiate CPR.✓ 正解尊重病人意願，不開始 CPR。
DNR（Do Not Resuscitate）是病人於有意識能力時所做的合法自主醫療指示，具備絕對的法律效力。護理師的法定義務是「尊重 DNR」——不施行胸外按壓、不電擊、不插管。 選項 D 正確：尊重病人意願、不啟動 CPR，這是法律與倫理上唯一正確的做法。 選項 B 錯誤：忽略 DNR 等同對病人實施未經同意的醫療行為，構成醫療毆打（medical battery）。 選項 A 錯誤：繼續標準急救直接違反 DNR。 選項 C 錯誤：DNR 是病人本人的合法決定，不需家屬再次同意；等待家屬會延誤臨終照護。 NCLEX 重點：合法簽署的 DNR 在急救情境下必須被遵守，家屬不可現場推翻。
A DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) order is a legally binding directive made by the client while competent. The nurse's legal obligation is to honor the DNR—no chest compressions, no defibrillation, no intubation. D is correct: Respect the client's wishes and do not initiate CPR—the only ethically and legally correct response. B is incorrect: Ignoring the DNR constitutes unauthorized medical treatment (medical battery). A is incorrect: Continuing standard resuscitation directly violates the DNR. C is incorrect: A valid DNR is the client's own legal decision; family consultation is not required and only delays appropriate end-of-life care. NCLEX point: a properly executed DNR must be honored during arrest; family cannot revoke it at the bedside.
美國臨床對於靜脈給予鉀離子（IV Potassium）的護理規範極為嚴格，通常規定必須透過中央靜脈導管（CVC）或嚴格稀釋後透過周邊靜脈給予，且要求必須使用輸液幫浦（Infusion pump），嚴禁直接推注（Push）。台灣臨床亦有此規範，但美國更強調護理師在給藥前的雙重核對與給藥後的監測責任。