— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師評估一位心臟衰竭病人。病人主訴夜間突然感到呼吸困難而醒來。護理師懷疑哪種情況？
A nurse is assessing a client with heart failure. The client reports waking up suddenly at night feeling short of breath. The nurse suspects which condition?
- AParoxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)✓ 正解陣發性夜間呼吸困難 (PND)
- BPulmonary embolism肺栓塞
- CAsthma氣喘
- DAnxiety attack焦慮發作
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
陣發性夜間呼吸困難（Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, PND）是心臟衰竭病人常見的典型症狀。這是因為病人平躺時，下肢的體液回流至循環系統，心臟負荷增加，心肌功能不全導致液體鬱積於肺部，造成病人突感呼吸困難而驚醒。護理師應透過詢問病人睡眠習慣（如需墊高枕頭）來評估心臟衰竭的嚴重度。
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is a classic sign of left-sided heart failure, occurring when fluid shifts from the lower extremities to the central circulation upon lying flat, leading to pulmonary congestion. This results in sudden shortness of breath that awakens the client, distinguishing it from other causes like asthma or anxiety which present with different characteristic symptoms.