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生理適應 · HARD · MCQ

一位有腎上腺功能不全病史的病人因嘔吐和腹瀉入院。護理師應最密切監測哪項生命徵象,以警覺潛在的腎上腺危象?

A client with a history of adrenal insufficiency is admitted with vomiting and diarrhea. Which vital sign is most critical for the nurse to monitor for potential adrenal crisis?

  • AOxygen saturation
    血氧飽和度
  • BBlood pressure✓ 正解
    血壓
  • CRespiratory rate
    呼吸頻率
  • DCore temperature
    核心體溫
Explanation · 中文詳解

腎上腺危象(Addisonian Crisis)是腎上腺皮質功能不全病人在遭遇壓力(如胃腸炎、感染、手術)時,由於皮質醇(Cortisol)極度缺乏而引發的致命狀態。皮質醇對於維持血管張力與血壓至關重要。缺乏時會導致嚴重的低血壓、低血容性休克及血管衰竭。雖然發燒(D)可能伴隨感染發生,但「血壓」是判斷是否進展為危象、需要立即靜脈補充類固醇(如 Hydrocortisone)與生理食鹽水的關鍵指標。這類病人常表現出對升壓劑反應不佳的低血壓。護理師必須理解,在應激狀態下,這類病人無法產生足夠的壓力荷爾蒙來應對水分流失,因此循環系統的穩定性是生存關鍵。

Locking the wheels of both the bed and the chair is the priority action to ensure a stable base and prevent sliding during the transfer, which could cause falls or injury. While applying a gait belt provides stability, equipment safety is foundational. The chair should ideally be placed at a 45-degree angle, not 90 degrees, to facilitate proper body mechanics and leverage.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國對於 Addisonian Crisis 的處理強調立即給予高劑量靜脈類固醇與快速輸液;台灣在急診處理時,除了補水外,有時會先進行 ACTH 刺激試驗以確認診斷,但 NCLEX 思維中,救命(穩定血壓)絕對優先於確認診斷。

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