— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位心衰竭病人每日服用 Furosemide 40 mg。下列哪項評估結果顯示藥物有效？
A client with a history of heart failure is prescribed furosemide 40 mg PO daily. Which assessment finding indicates the medication is effective?
- AIncreased potassium levels鉀離子水平增加
- BImproved appetite食慾改善
- CIncreased urinary output✓ 正解尿液排出量增加
- DDecreased blood pressure血壓降低
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Furosemide 屬於環利尿劑（Loop diuretics），主要作用於腎小管的亨利氏環（Loop of Henle），抑制鈉、氯及水分的再吸收，進而產生利尿效果。對於心衰竭病人，藥物治療的核心目標是減輕體液負荷（Fluid overload），以降低心臟前負荷（Preload）。因此，尿量增加是評估藥物療效最直接且具體的指標。在臨床評估上，除了尿量，還需監測病人的體重變化、水腫消退情形及呼吸音是否改善，這些均顯示利尿劑發揮了預期的治療效果。
Furosemide is a loop diuretic used to reduce fluid overload in heart failure by inhibiting sodium and water reabsorption. An increased urinary output directly indicates that the medication is effectively removing excess fluid, thereby reducing cardiac preload. Other findings like decreased blood pressure are secondary effects rather than primary measures of efficacy.