— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位糖尿病病人空腹血糖值 280 mg/dL,護理師應最擔心的發現是?
A patient with diabetes mellitus has a fasting blood glucose of 280 mg/dL. Which finding is the nurse's primary concern?
- AFruity breath odor✓ 正解呼氣有水果味
- BPolyuria and polydipsia多尿和多飲
- CFatigue and weakness疲倦和無力
- DBlurred vision視力模糊
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高血糖病人若出現水果味口臭,提示酮酸中毒(DKA)的存在,這是危及生命的代謝性酸中毒,較其他三項症狀更需緊急處理。多尿、煩渴、視力模糊及疲倦為高血糖常見表徵,但酮酸產生代表生理代償機制崩潰,需要立即採取行動(如補液、胰島素治療)。
Fruity breath odor is the primary concern because it indicates diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a life-threatening metabolic acidosis requiring immediate intervention. While polyuria, fatigue, and blurred vision are common symptoms of hyperglycemia, they do not signify the physiological decompensation seen in DKA.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常見執行 DKA protocol 進行持續滴注胰島素,台灣護理師亦同,但在急診室的判讀決策權美國護理師往往較為自主。