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心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · MCQ

護理師照護一位患有強迫症(OCD)的病人,他每碰一次門把就要洗手 15 分鐘。在入院前幾天,護理師應如何初步管理此行為?

The nurse is caring for a client with OCD who performs a handwashing ritual for 15 minutes every time they touch a doorknob. How should the nurse initially manage this behavior during the first few days of admission?

  • AAllow the client enough time to perform the ritual to reduce anxiety.✓ 正解
    給予病人足夠的時間執行儀式,以降低焦慮。
  • BTell the client that their handwashing is excessive and illogical.
    告訴病人其洗手行為過度且不合邏輯。
  • CLock the bathroom door to prevent the client from washing their hands.
    鎖上浴室門以防止病人洗手。
  • DInterrupt the ritual and redirect the client to a different activity.
    打斷儀式並將病人轉移至其他活動。
Explanation · 中文詳解

強迫症(OCD)的強迫行為(Rituals)是病人用來緩解強迫思考所引發之極度焦慮的一種手段。在入院初期,如果強行禁止或中斷儀式(選項 C、D),病人的焦慮感會飆升至失控狀態,甚至引發恐慌發作或攻擊行為。因此,初期的護理重點是「允許儀式進行(選項 A)」,以維持病人的情緒穩定。之後在治療計畫中,才會逐漸透過「暴露與反應預防法(ERP)」來限制儀式的時間。選項 B(講道理)對 OCD 病人無效,因為他們通常知道行為不合理但無法控制。臨床思路上,必須先穩定病人的焦慮,建立信任關係後,再逐步介入行為改變。安全與焦慮管理是急性期的優先考量。

During the initial phase of admission, the nurse should allow the client time to perform handwashing rituals to prevent severe anxiety escalation. Forcing interruption or logical reasoning can trigger panic, whereas allowing the behavior maintains emotional stability. This approach builds trust before implementing gradual behavioral modifications like exposure and response prevention.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國護理強調「逐步限制時間」並搭配藥物與認知行為治療;台灣臨床上有時會過於急著要病人「不要想太多」或「改掉壞習慣」,但在 NCLEX 邏輯中,這會被視為不了解強迫症的生理/心理機制。

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