— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照護一位新診斷為低血鉀的病人，應預期出現何種臨床發現？
A nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of hypokalemia. Which finding should the nurse anticipate?
- AIncreased bowel sounds腸鳴音增強
- BMuscle weakness✓ 正解肌肉無力
- CTall peaked T waves高大尖銳的 T 波
- DShortened QT intervalQT 間期縮短
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血鉀（Hypokalemia）會導致細胞膜靜止電位（resting membrane potential）過極化，使得神經肌肉興奮性降低。臨床上最典型的表現是骨骼肌無力、反射減弱，嚴重者可能進展至呼吸肌麻痺。心電圖常見 ST 段下陷、T 波平坦或倒置，以及明顯的 U 波。護理師需監測病人的肌肉強度及心律變化，優先考量安全。
Hypokalemia decreases neuromuscular excitability, leading to skeletal muscle weakness and diminished reflexes. This condition can progress to respiratory muscle paralysis in severe cases. Therefore, the nurse should anticipate muscle weakness as a primary clinical manifestation.