護理師照護一位高血鉀病人。心電圖（ECG）上會觀察到什麼？

高血鉀（Hyperkalemia）會顯著影響心肌細胞的去極化與再極化過程。心電圖（ECG）變化是高血鉀最典型的臨床指標之一。隨著血鉀水平升高，心電圖會出現一系列改變：T波變高尖（Tall, peaked T waves）、PR間期延長、QRS波變寬，甚至最終發展為正弦波（Sine wave）導致心室顫動或心跳停止。其他選項如U波與平坦T波則與低血鉀密切相關。

Hyperkalemia significantly affects myocardial cell depolarization and repolarization, making tall, peaked T waves a classic early electrocardiogram finding. As serum potassium levels rise, other changes such as prolonged PR intervals and widened QRS complexes may also occur, but peaked T waves are the most characteristic initial sign.