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基本照護與舒適 · HARD · SATA

護理師照護一位薦骨有壓瘡的病人。照護計畫應包含哪些措施?(選所有適合的)

A nurse is caring for a client with pressure injuries on the sacrum. Which interventions should the nurse include in the care plan? (Select all that apply.)

  • AReposition the client at least every 2 hours✓ 正解
    至少每2小時為病人翻身
  • BMassage the reddened areas to improve circulation
    按摩發紅區域以促進循環
  • CMaintain a diet high in protein and vitamin C✓ 正解
    維持高蛋白及維生素C飲食
  • DKeep the head of the bed elevated at 45 degrees constantly
    持續將床頭抬高45度
  • EUse pillows to bridge the sacrum off the bed surface✓ 正解
    使用枕頭墊高使薦骨懸空
Explanation · 中文詳解

壓瘡(pressure injuries)是因局部組織長期受壓,導致血液循環不良而發生的損傷。預防與照護壓瘡的關鍵在於減輕壓力、促進血液循環、提供充足的營養以及保持皮膚清潔乾燥。定期翻身(每 2 小時一次)是減壓最基本且有效的措施,能避免身體某一部位長時間承受壓力。高蛋白質和維生素 C 的飲食能支持組織修復和再生。利用枕頭等輔具將薦骨區域懸空(bridging),可以完全移除該區域的壓力,是預防或治療薦骨壓瘡的有效方法。然而,按摩紅腫區域可能會對已受損或處於風險中的組織造成進一步的傷害。 臨床思路:此題考量壓瘡的預防與照護,涉及病人移動(mobility)、營養(nutrition)與皮膚完整性(skin integrity)。優先處理能有效減壓、促進癒合的措施,並避免可能加劇損傷的操作。高床頭角度的維持(如 45 度)會增加骨突處的剪力(shear force),不利於壓瘡的預防。

Frequent repositioning relieves pressure on bony prominences, while bridging the sacrum offloads pressure completely. High-protein and vitamin C diets support collagen synthesis and tissue repair. Conversely, massaging reddened areas can damage fragile tissue, and elevating the head of the bed increases shear forces on the sacrum.

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