— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位病患被診斷為低血鉀，護理師應視下列何者為最嚴重的併發症？
A client is diagnosed with hypokalemia. Which finding should the nurse recognize as the most serious complication?
- ADecreased bowel sounds腸蠕�音減弱
- BMuscle weakness肌肉無力
- CAbdominal distention腹部膨脹
- DCardiac dysrhythmias✓ 正解心律不整
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鉀離子參與心肌細胞的再極化過程。低血鉀會嚴重影響心臟傳導系統，造成心律不整（如 U 波出現、心室顫動），這是導致病患猝死的首要原因。腸胃道症狀（腹脹、腸蠕動音減弱）與骨骼肌無力雖為常見特徵，但並非立即威脅生命的致命點。
Cardiac dysrhythmias are the most serious complication of hypokalemia because potassium is critical for myocardial repolarization and conduction. While muscle weakness and decreased bowel sounds are common, dysrhythmias can progress to cardiac arrest and represent the highest priority for immediate intervention.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美護理標準均強調低血鉀需接心電圖監視器，美國護理師常需依規範補充鉀離子，台灣則嚴格遵守給藥醫囑。