— 降低風險 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照護一位髖關節置換術後病人，哪項措施最能預防深層靜脈栓塞（DVT）？
A nurse is caring for a client who is post-operative following a hip arthroplasty. Which action by the nurse demonstrates the best reduction of risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
- AMaintain bed rest for 48 hours to ensure incision healing臥床休息48小時以確保傷口癒合
- BApply warm compresses to the calf area every 4 hours每4小時在小腿部位進行溫敷
- CRestrict fluid intake to prevent bladder distension限制水分攝取以預防膀胱脹滿
- DEncourage the client to perform ankle pumps and leg exercises frequently✓ 正解鼓勵病人經常進行足踝運動和腿部運動
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
術後早期活動與肢體運動是預防 DVT 的黃金標準。透過足踝幫浦運動（ankle pumps），利用小腿肌肉收縮促進靜脈血回流，減少血液滯留。術後長期臥床反而會增加血栓風險，熱敷對循環無益，而限水亦會增加血液黏稠度，故 A 為最佳介入。
Encouraging frequent ankle pumps and leg exercises is the most effective intervention for reducing DVT risk as muscle contractions promote venous return and prevent stasis. Prolonged bed rest, fluid restriction, and warm compresses are ineffective or counterproductive, as they may increase blood viscosity or fail to address venous circulation adequately.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台皆鼓勵早期下床，但美國更強調護理師直接教導病人術後復健動作之重要性。