— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師指導一位新診斷第一型糖尿病病人「生病時的注意事項」，應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes about sick-day rules. Which of the following should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- ACheck blood glucose levels every 3-4 hours✓ 正解每 3-4 小時檢查血糖水平
- BDiscontinue insulin if unable to eat如果無法進食就停止注射胰島素
- CTest urine for ketones if blood glucose is > 240 mg/dL✓ 正解如果血糖 > 240 mg/dL，則檢測尿液中的酮體
- DDrink plenty of sugar-free fluids✓ 正解攝取大量無糖流質
- EContact the provider if vomiting occurs✓ 正解如果發生嘔吐，請聯繫醫師
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
生病時（如感染或發燒）身體會產生壓力荷爾蒙，導致血糖上升。即便進食量減少，也不可擅自停用胰島素（B 錯誤），因為體內缺乏胰島素會引發酮酸中毒。應增加監測頻率、補足水分，且若有嘔吐無法進食需尋求醫療協助，避免脫水與代謝失衡。
During illness (such as infection or fever), the body produces stress hormones that elevate blood glucose. Even if intake is reduced, insulin must not be discontinued (option B is incorrect), because a lack of insulin leads to ketoacidosis. The client should increase monitoring frequency, maintain adequate hydration, and seek medical help if vomiting prevents oral intake, in order to avoid dehydration and metabolic imbalance.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國有完善的 Diabetic Educator 制度；台灣糖尿病照護多仰賴衛教師與門診指導。