護理師準備為病人輸血，下列哪些措施是預防溶血反應的關鍵？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer blood to a client. Which action is essential to ensure safety and prevent a hemolytic reaction? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify the blood type with another registered nurse✓ 正解由另一位登記護理師驗證血型
- BCheck the client's identification wristband against the blood bag label✓ 正解將病人的識別手環與血袋標籤進行核對
- CWarm the blood in a microwave to prevent hypothermia在微波爐中加熱血液以預防低溫症
- DStart the transfusion slowly for the first 15 minutes✓ 正解在前15分鐘緩慢開始輸血
- EDocument the blood product serial number and expiration date✓ 正解記錄血液產品的序號和有效期限
輸血安全核心在於嚴格的雙人核對流程。必須核對病人 ID 與血液標籤，並由兩名護理師同時確認血型與配對資訊。開始輸血後前 15 分鐘必須慢速滴注，因為嚴重的溶血反應通常發生在初期。微波加熱血液會導致紅血球破壞，絕對禁止。
To prevent hemolytic reactions, strict verification protocols must be followed, including dual-nurse checks of blood type and positive patient identification via wristband. The transfusion should start slowly for the first 15 minutes to monitor for early signs of adverse reactions. Blood must never be warmed in a microwave, as this causes hemolysis, and documentation of the serial number and expiration date is essential for safety tracking.
台美輸血核對流程非常相似，均強制要求雙人簽名，差異主要在於美國電子化條碼掃描辨識系統的普及率更高。