— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位病人被處方使用鴉片類止痛藥。護理師最可能需要管理哪個不良反應？
A client is prescribed an opioid analgesic. Which adverse effect is the nurse most likely to need to manage?
- AConstipation✓ 正解便秘
- BDiarrhea腹瀉
- CInsomnia失眠
- DHyperactivity過動
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鴉片類止痛藥（Opioid analgesics）常見副作用源於其結合中樞神經與周邊系統的鴉片受體。其中，便秘（Constipation）是由於藥物減緩腸道平滑肌蠕動並增加腸道水分再吸收所致，且此副作用通常不會隨時間產生耐受性。護理師需採取預防性介入，如鼓勵增加水分、纖維攝取及評估軟便劑（Stool softeners）或刺激性瀉劑（Stimulant laxatives）的必要性，以維持病人舒適與排便規律。
Constipation is the most common adverse effect of opioid analgesics because these drugs reduce intestinal peristalsis and increase fluid absorption, often without developing tolerance over time. Nurses should implement preventive measures such as encouraging increased fluid and fiber intake and assessing the need for stool softeners or laxatives to maintain patient comfort.