一位患有第一型雙極性疾患的28歲男性正處於急性躁症發作期的巔峰被收治入院。他已經連續三天沒有睡覺。他表現出急促的說話、企圖談判千億併購案的夸大妄想、穿著五層顏色鮮豔極度不對稱的衣物，且在走廊上像跑馬拉松一樣無止盡地來回踱步。在考慮急性躁症病患的立即性『生理與環境』需求時，應當執行哪些護理介入？（多選題）
A 28-year-old male with Bipolar I Disorder is admitted in the peak of an acute manic episode. He has not slept in three days. He exhibits pressured speech, grandiose delusions of negotiating a billionaire merger, wears five layers of brightly mismatched clothing, and paces the hallway incessantly like he is running a marathon. When considering the immediate physiological and environmental needs of a patient in acute mania, which nursing interventions should be implemented? (Select all that apply.)
- AProvide high-calorie, nutrient-dense finger foods (e.g., cheeseburgers, protein shakes) that the client can consume "on the run."✓ 正解提供高熱量、營養密集的手指食物（例如：起司漢堡、蛋白奶昔），讓客戶可以邊走邊吃。
- BPlace the client in a quiet, low-stimulus private room distant from the noisy nurses' station or television areas.✓ 正解將客戶安置在遠離吵雜護理站或電視區的安靜、低刺激私人病房。
- CEncourage the client to join an intense group aerobics class to safely burn off his surplus manic energy.鼓勵客戶參加激烈的團體有氧課程，以安全地消耗其過剩的躁症能量。
- DMandate that the client sit calmly at the dining room table with the other clients until he finishes a complete hot meal with utensils.強制客戶與其他客戶一起安靜地坐在餐廳餐桌旁，直到他用餐具吃完一頓完整的熱食為止。
- ELimit the client's access to external stimuli, aggressively setting boundaries if he approaches other vulnerable patients with inappropriate remarks.✓ 正解限制客戶接觸外部刺激，若他以不當言論接近其他脆弱病患，則積極設定界線。
本題測驗第一型雙極性精神病急性躁期（Acute Manic Episode）的環境設定與生理照護。躁症最致命的風險在於因極度過動、失眠與拒食所造成的「身體耗竭致死（Physical exhaustion）」。在生理營養上，躁症病患根本無法安靜坐下來拿餐具吃完一頓飯（選項D的硬性規定會引發衝突與飢餓）。正確做法是提供高卡路里、富含蛋白質成分且可拿在手上的「手指食物（Hand-held finger foods）」，如漢堡、起司條、能量飲，讓病患能邊走動邊進食以彌補巨大的熱量消耗（選項A正確）。在環境空間上，躁症病患的神經已處於過度刺激狀態，必須盡全力「降低環境刺激（Low-stimuli environment）」：將他們安置在遠離喧鬧電視、護理車音響的安靜單人房（選項B正確）。選項C參與激烈的團體有氧課是災難性的決定，任何過度吵鬧且充滿刺激的活動都會火上加油，使病情失控。由於他們極易失去界線並做出挑釁與性暗示舉動，護理師必須保護他們遠離其他病患，並設定溫和且堅定的界限（選項E正確）。
To prevent physical exhaustion in acute mania, provide high-calorie finger foods that the client can eat while moving, as they cannot sit for traditional meals. Place the client in a low-stimulus private room to reduce sensory overload and set firm boundaries to protect them and others from their hyperactive, disinhibited behavior.
「Finger foods (手指食物)」永遠是各國國考及全球病房針對躁期飲食的一道反射性標準答案。不強求用筷子，能在走廊邊走邊吃炸雞塊和喝保久乳就是最高級別的護理處遇。