— 生理適應 · EASY · SATA —
護理師正在評估一位疑似低血糖的病人。護理師應預期出現哪些臨床表現？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is assessing a client who is suspected of having hypoglycemia. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
- ADiaphoresis✓ 正解盜汗
- BTremors✓ 正解震顫
- CIncreased thirst口渴增加
- DPalpitations✓ 正解心悸
- ESlurred speech✓ 正解言語不清
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血糖（Hypoglycemia）會刺激交感神經系統（Sympathetic Nervous System）釋放腎上腺素，導致身體出現代償性生理反應。此外，由於大腦缺乏葡萄糖供應，會出現神經功能障礙。護理師必須熟悉這些徵兆，若病人意識清楚，應立即給予快速吸收的碳水化合物（如葡萄糖片、果汁）；若意識不清，則需依照醫囑給予靜脈注射葡萄糖或肌肉注射升糖素（Glucagon）。
Hypoglycemia triggers sympathetic nervous system activation, releasing epinephrine which causes diaphoresis, tremors, and palpitations. Additionally, neuroglycopenia resulting from decreased glucose supply to the brain leads to cognitive changes such as slurred speech.