護理師照護一位第一型糖尿病患，其血糖值為 45 mg/dL，預期會出現哪些症狀？
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes who has a blood glucose level of 45 mg/dL. Which symptoms should the nurse anticipate?
- AKussmaul respirations and fruity breath庫斯莫爾氏呼吸和果味口臭
- BFlushed skin and hypotension皮膚潮紅和低血壓
- CDiaphoresis and tremors✓ 正解盜汗和顫抖
- DPolyuria and polydipsia多尿和多渴
血糖值 45 mg/dL 屬於嚴重低血糖（hypoglycemia）。當血糖低於 70 mg/dL 時，身體會啟動代償機制，主要由交感神經系統（sympathetic nervous system）主導，促進腎上腺素（epinephrine）釋放。這會導致典型的自主神經症狀，包括盜汗、顫抖、心悸、焦慮與飢餓感。這些症狀是低血糖的警訊，護理師需迅速識別並給予快速吸收的碳水化合物，以防止意識改變或癲癇發作。
A blood glucose of 45 mg/dL represents severe hypoglycemia. When the glucose level falls below 70 mg/dL, the body activates compensatory mechanisms, primarily driven by the sympathetic nervous system, which stimulates the release of epinephrine. This produces the classic autonomic symptoms, including diaphoresis, tremor, palpitations, anxiety, and hunger. These symptoms are warning signs of hypoglycemia, and the nurse must quickly recognize them and administer rapidly absorbed carbohydrates to prevent altered consciousness or seizures.