病人預計給予靜脈輸注萬古黴素(Vancomycin)。給予第二劑前,護理師優先評估的項目為何?
A client is prescribed vancomycin IV. Which assessment is the highest priority before administering the second dose?
- APatient's temperature病人的體溫
- BWound site appearance傷口部位外觀
- CSerum trough level✓ 正解血清谷濃度
- DPeak level峰值濃度
Vancomycin 治療窗狹窄並具腎毒性與耳毒性。現行 2020 ASHP/IDSA 共識已改以 AUC-guided monitoring(藥動學模型)為較佳作法,但 serum trough level 仍是常見的臨床實務替代方式(達到穩定狀態前不一定每劑都抽,通常於第 4 劑前)。在本題提供的選項中,A. trough level 是與萬古黴素安全性最直接相關的監測項目,故為最適答案。其他選項:D. peak level 已不常規使用;C. 傷口外觀屬感染評估非藥物毒性;D. 體溫評估療效非毒性。實務上,給藥前還應評估 baseline creatinine/聽力,但現有選項未列出。
Items saturated with blood or visibly contaminated with body fluids, such as gauze and soiled surgical gowns, must be placed in red biohazard bags. This classification prevents the spread of infectious agents and protects staff and the environment. Clean items or those with minimal, non-saturating exposure are disposed of as general waste.
美國醫院目前幾乎全面採用谷濃度監測(Trough-only monitoring)來調整萬古黴素劑量,台灣臨床實務雖也多採此法,但仍有部分醫院會參考峰濃度。