護理師應預期給予哪種藥物給氣喘病史的病人以預防急性發作？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer to a client with a history of asthma to prevent an acute attack? (Select all that apply.)
- ASalmeterol✓ 正解Salmeterol（沙美特羅）
- BAlbuterolAlbuterol（沙丁胺醇）
- CFluticasone✓ 正解Fluticasone（氟替卡松）
- DMontelukast✓ 正解Montelukast（孟魯司特）
- EIpratropiumIpratropium（異丙托溴銨）
氣喘的預防性藥物（Controller）包含長效型支氣管擴張劑（Salmeterol）、吸入型類固醇（Fluticasone）及白三烯素拮抗劑（Montelukast）。Albuterol 為短效支氣管擴張劑（Rescue/Reliever），專用於急性發作期的搶救，而非日常預防。Ipratropium 主要用於緩解急性期阻塞，不作為慢性預防首選。
Asthma controller medications used to prevent attacks include long-acting bronchodilators (Salmeterol), inhaled corticosteroids (Fluticasone), and leukotriene receptor antagonists (Montelukast). Albuterol is a short-acting bronchodilator (rescue/reliever) used specifically for acute exacerbations rather than daily prevention. Ipratropium is mainly used to relieve acute airway obstruction and is not a first-line agent for chronic prevention.
美國醫護人員常強調依步驟（Step-wise）治療，台灣臨床則常合併使用複方吸入劑。