護理師照顧一位嗜中性白血球減少（Neutropenia）的病人。護理師應對家屬提供哪項指導？
The nurse is caring for a client with neutropenia. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the family?
- AVisitors with a minor cold do not need to wear masks患有輕微感冒的訪客無需佩戴口罩
- BThe client should avoid eating raw fruits or vegetables✓ 正解病人應避免食用生水果或蔬菜
- CThe client can share personal care items with family病人可以與家人共用個人護理用品
- DIt is safe to bring fresh flowers to the room帶鮮花到病房是安全的
嗜中性白血球減少的病人免疫力極低，鮮花（D）可能帶有真菌，生食（B）如生蔬果可能含有細菌，皆應避免以防伺機性感染。感冒者（A）應嚴禁探視或嚴格佩戴口罩。個人用品（C）必須專人專用以降低交叉感染風險。此題考點在於「保護性隔離（Protective Environment）」的原則。
The neutropenic client has extremely low immunity. Fresh flowers (D) may harbor fungi, and raw foods (B) such as raw fruits and vegetables may contain bacteria—all should be avoided to prevent opportunistic infections. Visitors with colds (A) should be strictly forbidden or required to wear masks rigorously. Personal care items (C) must be reserved for the client's exclusive use to reduce the risk of cross-infection. The key point of this question is the principle of the 'Protective Environment.'
美國醫院針對 Neutropenic Diet 有詳細清單與規範；台灣臨床亦有低菌飲食，但部分家屬常會私下帶鮮魚湯或水果而造成防疫漏洞。