護理師評估疑似受虐跡象，下列哪些發現是紅旗指標？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is assessing a client for signs of abuse. Which findings are red flags? (Select all that apply.)
- AInjuries in various stages of healing✓ 正解傷口處於不同癒合階段
- BA history of repeated emergency room visits✓ 正解有反覆急診就醫病史
- CThe client is accompanied by an assertive family member個案由強勢的家屬陪同
- DThe client's explanation of the injury is inconsistent with the findings✓ 正解個案對傷口的解釋與評估發現不一致
- EThe client expresses relief when the family member leaves the room✓ 正解家屬離開房間後，個案表示感到寬慰
虐待評估需注意身心跡象：傷口癒合程度不一反映多次受傷；頻繁掛急診可能為刻意遮掩；描述與傷痕特徵不符代表說謊或受威脅；家人離開後表現出的情緒釋放往往是關鍵線索。家人果斷表達關心（Assertive）通常是正常互動，非虐待直接指標。
Abuse assessment requires attention to both physical and psychological signs: injuries at various stages of healing reflect multiple incidents of trauma; frequent ER visits may represent deliberate cover-ups; descriptions inconsistent with injury patterns suggest dishonesty or coercion; and emotional relief expressed after the family member leaves is often a key indicator. Assertive expression of concern by a family member is usually normal interaction and not a direct indicator of abuse.
美國護理師有法律強制通報責任（Mandatory Reporter），台灣亦有保護性個案通報機制，但在實務流程上美國對個案保護更為結構化。