護理師照護一位長期臥床病人，應採取哪些策略以預防壓瘡？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client who is immobile. Which strategies should the nurse include in the plan of care to prevent pressure ulcers? (Select all that apply.)
- AReposition the client at least every 2 hours✓ 正解至少每2小時重新安置病人
- BMassage reddened bony prominences to increase circulation按摩發紅的骨突處以增加血液循環
- CKeep the skin clean and dry, especially after incontinence✓ 正解保持皮膚清潔乾燥，特別是在失禁後
- DPlace a donut-shaped cushion under the sacrum在薦骨下方放置甜甜圈形狀的坐墊
- EUse pillows to bridge bony prominences and offload pressure✓ 正解使用枕頭橋接骨突處並減輕壓力
長期臥床病人的壓瘡（Pressure ulcer）預防，核心在於「減壓」與「保持皮膚健康」。每兩小時翻身是為了分散骨突處的長期壓迫；保持皮膚清潔乾燥可減少表皮浸潤；使用枕頭進行橋接（Bridging）能懸空骨突部位，有效達到減壓效果。按摩紅腫處會造成皮下微血管損傷，環形墊則會導致局部缺血，均為錯誤做法。
Prevention of pressure ulcers in immobile clients centers on offloading pressure and maintaining skin health. Repositioning every two hours redistributes prolonged pressure on bony prominences; keeping the skin clean and dry reduces moisture maceration of the epidermis; and using pillows to bridge bony prominences suspends them and effectively offloads pressure. Massaging reddened areas damages dermal microcirculation, and donut-shaped cushions cause localized ischemia; both are incorrect practices.