護理師準備經鼻胃管（NG）進行連續腸道營養。開始灌注前的首要護理措施為何？
The nurse is preparing to administer a continuous enteral feeding via a nasogastric (NG) tube. What is the priority nursing action before starting the infusion?
- ACheck the pH of the aspirated gastric contents.檢查抽吸出的胃內容物之pH值
- BFlush the tube with 30 mL of air.以30 mL空氣沖洗管路
- CVerify the NG tube placement via X-ray if it's the initial insertion.✓ 正解若是初次置管，應以X光確認鼻胃管位置
- DWarm the formula to body temperature.將營養配方加熱至體溫
對於初次置入的鼻胃管，黃金標準（Gold Standard）是透過 X 光確認位置。若非初次，則每次灌食前應測量 pH 值（A）或確認刻度。確保管路在胃內而非氣管是防止致命性吸入性肺炎的首要步驟。加熱配方（D）並非必要且易致細菌滋生；灌空氣聽診（B）已不再被視為可靠的唯一確認方法。
For a newly inserted nasogastric tube, the gold standard is to confirm placement by X-ray. For non-initial placements, the pH of the aspirate (A) or the depth marking should be checked before each feeding. Ensuring that the tube is in the stomach rather than the trachea is the top priority for preventing fatal aspiration pneumonia. Warming the formula (D) is unnecessary and promotes bacterial growth; auscultating after instilled air (B) is no longer considered a sole reliable method of verification.
美國 NCLEX 極度強調 pH 測試（<5）與 X 光；台灣臨床仍有相當比例使用聽診法，但國考標準已趨向一致。