— 生理適應 · EASY · SATA —
護理師照護一位新診斷糖尿病的病患，下列哪些發現與高血糖一致？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Which findings are consistent with hyperglycemia? (Select all that apply.)
- APolyuria✓ 正解多尿
- BPolydipsia✓ 正解多飲
- CWeight gain體重增加
- DBlurred vision✓ 正解視力模糊
- EPolyphagia✓ 正解多食
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高血糖引發的三多症狀分別為多尿（滲透性利尿）、多渴（脫水）與多食（細胞無法利用葡萄糖導致能量飢餓）。此外，滲透壓改變導致水晶體水腫，引發視力模糊。體重減輕而非增加，因身體開始分解脂肪與蛋白質提供能量。
The three classic "polys" of hyperglycemia are polyuria (osmotic diuresis), polydipsia (dehydration), and polyphagia (cellular starvation because glucose cannot be utilized). In addition, osmotic changes cause lens swelling, leading to blurred vision. Weight loss, rather than weight gain, occurs because the body begins to break down fat and protein for energy.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國常見由 CDE（糖尿病衛教師）主導衛教，台灣則多由醫師與護理師共同執行，衛教資源分配依醫院層級差異大。