一位有慢性疼痛史的病人自述疼痛指數為 8/10。下列哪些非藥物介入措施適用於此病人？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of chronic pain. The client reports a pain level of 8/10. Which non-pharmacological interventions are appropriate for this client? (Select all that apply.)
- AGuided imagery✓ 正解引導想像
- BProgressive muscle relaxation✓ 正解漸進式肌肉放鬆
- CTherapeutic touch✓ 正解治療性觸摸
- DComplete bed rest完全卧床休息
- ETranscutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)✓ 正解經皮神經電刺激 (TENS)
非藥物疼痛控制可作為藥物輔助，透過心理與神經刺激降低疼痛感知。引導想像、肌肉鬆弛與治療性觸摸有助於焦慮緩解；TENS 則藉由門閥控制理論阻斷疼痛訊號。絕對臥床並非疼痛緩解措施，反而可能導致關節僵硬與血栓風險。
Non-pharmacologic pain management can serve as an adjunct to medication, reducing perceived pain through psychological and neurological stimulation. Guided imagery, muscle relaxation, and therapeutic touch help relieve anxiety; TENS blocks pain signals through gate-control theory. Absolute bed rest is not a pain-relief measure; on the contrary, it may lead to joint stiffness and risk of thrombosis.
美國疼痛管理強調多專科團隊介入（含職能治療），台灣常過度依賴止痛藥，非藥物介入普及度較低。