護理師照護一位剛診斷為失智症的高齡長者，哪項觀察指標顯示為早期症狀？
A nurse is caring for an older adult with newly diagnosed dementia. Which observation indicates early-stage symptoms?
- AComplete inability to communicate verbally完全無法口頭溝通
- BLoss of bladder and bowel control大小便失禁
- CForgetting recent appointments or familiar names✓ 正解忘記最近的約會或熟悉的名字
- DInability to recognize immediate family members無法辨認直系親屬
失智症（Dementia）是一種漸進性的認知功能退化疾病。臨床評估時，區分病程對於護理介入至關重要。早期（輕度）失智症的主要特徵是短期記憶（Short-term memory）障礙，表現為對近期事件遺忘、無法記住新資訊或熟悉的名詞。選項 D、B、A 所述的症狀，如失語、失禁及無法辨識親友，均屬於中重度失智症的典型表現。護理師在面對早期診斷的病人時，應著重於提供結構化的環境、協助記憶輔助工具的使用，以及評估病人的自我照顧能力。
Dementia is a progressive degenerative disorder of cognitive function. Clinically, differentiating the disease stage is crucial for nursing interventions. The main feature of early (mild) dementia is short-term memory impairment, manifested by forgetfulness of recent events, inability to remember new information, or difficulty recalling familiar names. The symptoms described in options D, B, and A—such as aphasia, incontinence, and inability to recognize family members—are typical of moderate-to-severe dementia. For patients with early diagnosis, nurses should focus on providing a structured environment, assisting with memory-aid devices, and assessing the patient's self-care ability.