— 基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位因準備手術而禁食（NPO）的病人主訴口乾，最適當的護理措施為何？
A nurse is caring for a client who is NPO for surgery. The client reports dry mouth. What is the most appropriate action?
- AAllow the client to chew ice chips允許病人咀嚼冰塊
- BProvide small sips of water提供少量清水啜飲
- CPerform vigorous oral hygiene with mouthwash使用漱口水進行徹底口腔清潔
- DMoisten lips with a damp cloth✓ 正解用濕布潤濕嘴唇
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
手術前禁食是為了避免麻醉期間發生嘔吐與誤吸，給予任何液體或冰塊皆違反 NPO 原則。護理師應提供舒適性護理，如使用濕潤紗布輕拍唇部減緩不適。漱口水通常含酒精，會加重乾燥；給水、冰塊均會刺激胃酸分泌及增加胃部內容物量。
Preoperative fasting is intended to prevent vomiting and aspiration during anesthesia, so any fluid or ice given violates NPO. The nurse should provide comfort care, such as moistening the lips with a damp gauze to relieve discomfort. Mouthwash usually contains alcohol, which worsens dryness; providing water or ice would stimulate gastric acid secretion and increase gastric contents.
✦ 台美臨床差異
近年歐美對術前禁食規範已調整（ERAS 協議），若為清澈液體，部分病人術前 2 小時仍可飲用，但台灣臨床多仍嚴格執行術前 6-8 小時完全禁食。