一位住院病人因環境嘈雜導致失眠。護理師應採取哪些措施來促進睡眠？（選所有適合的）
A client is experiencing insomnia due to a noisy environment in the hospital. Which interventions should the nurse implement to promote sleep? (Select all that apply.)
- ABundle nursing care tasks to minimize disruptions✓ 正解集中護理任務以減少干擾
- BKeep the room lights on to ensure patient safety保持房間燈光開啟以確保病人安全
- CProvide earplugs or a white noise machine✓ 正解提供耳塞或白噪音機器
- DOffer a warm beverage with caffeine before sleep睡前提供含咖啡因的溫熱飲品
- EMinimize unnecessary hallway conversation at night✓ 正解減少夜間不必要的走廊交談
住院病人的睡眠品質常因醫療活動與環境干擾而下降。護理計畫應包含減輕環境干擾，如合併照顧時段（bundling care），一次完成所有治療以提供連續睡眠時間。適度使用白噪音或耳塞可遮蔽背景雜音；嚴禁過度光照或含咖啡因飲料，並應教育醫療人員降低音量以創造適眠環境。
Hospitalized clients often have poor sleep due to medical activities and environmental disturbances. The nursing plan should reduce environmental disruption, such as bundling care activities so that all treatments are completed at once to provide continuous sleep periods. Appropriate use of white noise or earplugs can mask background noise; excessive light or caffeinated drinks should be avoided; and staff should be educated to lower their voices to create a sleep-friendly environment.
美國醫院近年推行「安靜時段」（Quiet Time），台灣醫院通常由護理站執行噪音管控，但在病房硬體隔音上普遍較弱。