— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人診斷為低血容性休克，預期的臨床表現為何？（選所有適合的）
A client is diagnosed with hypovolemic shock. What are the expected clinical manifestations? (Select all that apply.)
- ATachycardia✓ 正解心搏過速
- BHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- COliguria✓ 正解少尿
- DCool, clammy skin✓ 正解皮膚濕冷
- EBounding peripheral pulses強勁的周邊脈搏
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血容性休克（Hypovolemic shock）是因循環血量不足導致灌流不足。身體為了維持重要器官灌流，會啟動交感神經代償：心跳加快（Tachycardia）以增加心輸出量；血管收縮導致血壓下降（Hypotension）、皮膚濕冷（Cool, clammy skin）；腎臟灌流減少導致少尿（Oliguria）。這是典型的休克生理表現，需立即補液。
Hypovolemic shock is inadequate tissue perfusion due to insufficient circulating volume. To maintain perfusion of vital organs, the body activates sympathetic compensation: tachycardia to increase cardiac output, vasoconstriction leading to hypotension and cool, clammy skin, and decreased renal perfusion producing oliguria. These are the classic physiologic manifestations of shock and require immediate fluid resuscitation.