— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位患有肝硬化和食道靜脈曲張的病人嘔吐鮮紅血。護理師的首要行動是什麼?
A client with cirrhosis and esophageal varices is vomiting bright red blood. What is the nurse's priority action?
- AInsert a large-bore nasogastric tube插入大口徑鼻胃管
- BCheck the client's blood pressure測量病人的血壓
- CPrepare for a blood transfusion準備輸血
- DMaintain a patent airway✓ 正解維持呼吸道暢通
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性大出血病人,維持呼吸道通暢(Airway)永遠是首要任務,以防止吸入性肺炎。雖然檢查血壓(B)評估循環很重要,備血(C)也是後續必需,但在 ABC 優先順序中,A 領先於 D 和 C。胃管(A)需慎用且非第一步。
In a client with active hematemesis from esophageal varices, maintaining a patent airway is the highest priority to prevent aspiration. While assessing hemodynamic status and preparing for transfusion are essential, airway protection must be established first according to ABC priorities.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國 NCLEX 非常強調 ABC 框架;台灣實務中多名護理師會同時進行 A 與 B,但單選題必須選 A。