— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位 70 歲末期心衰竭個案，主訴呼吸困難加劇及下肢水腫。下列哪項措施最能有效處置液體負荷過重？
A 70-year-old client with advanced heart failure reports increasing shortness of breath and pedal edema. Which intervention best addresses the fluid volume overload?
- AEncouraging increased oral fluid intake鼓勵增加口服液體攝取
- BAdministering IV fluid bolus給予靜脈輸液衝刺
- CProviding a high-sodium diet提供高鈉飲食
- DAdministering intravenous furosemide✓ 正解靜脈注射呋塞米
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
心衰竭造成的液體過載（Fluid overload）需要利尿治療。呋塞米（Furosemide）作為強效迴路利尿劑，能幫助腎臟排出多餘的鈉與水分，進而減輕心臟的前負荷（Preload），改善肺部淤血與周邊水腫。
Diuretics like furosemide are indicated to promote fluid excretion and reduce cardiac workload. By helping the kidneys eliminate excess sodium and water, furosemide decreases preload, which alleviates pulmonary congestion and peripheral edema associated with heart failure.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師在給予利尿劑前，常需檢查電解質（特別是鉀），台灣則由醫師檢查後才會給藥。