— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
一位病人診斷為低血鉀，護理照護計畫應包含哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A client is diagnosed with hypokalemia. Which nursing interventions should be included in the care plan? (Select all that apply.)
- AMonitor cardiac rhythm✓ 正解監測心律
- BAdminister potassium chloride IV push靜脈推注給藥氯化鉀
- CAssess deep tendon reflexes✓ 正解評估深部肌腱反射
- DMonitor for digitalis toxicity✓ 正解監測地高辛中毒跡象
- EEncourage intake of bananas and spinach✓ 正解鼓勵攝取香蕉和菠菜
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血鉀嚴重影響心肌傳導與神經肌肉功能。心電圖監測能偵測心律不整（如 U 波出現）；血鉀過低會增加地高辛（Digitalis）毒性風險；補充食物鉀離子（香蕉、菠菜）是輔助療法。注意：鉀離子嚴禁靜脈直接推注（IV Push），會導致致命心跳停止。
Hypokalemia seriously affects cardiac conduction and neuromuscular function. ECG monitoring can detect dysrhythmias (such as the appearance of U waves); low potassium increases the risk of digitalis (digoxin) toxicity; supplementing potassium-rich foods (bananas, spinach) is an adjunctive measure. Note: potassium must never be given IV push, as this can cause fatal cardiac arrest.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師給藥權限高；台灣給予鉀離子注射需嚴格遵循醫囑並確認稀釋濃度，通常須透過幫浦給予。