肝硬化病人出現何種評估發現時，顯示正在發展為腹水？
Which assessment finding in a client with cirrhosis indicates developing ascites?
- ASpider angiomas on the chest胸部出現蜘蛛狀血管瘤
- BDecreased serum albumin levels血清白蛋白濃度降低
- CPeripheral edema in the ankles踝部周邊水腫
- DIncreased abdominal girth✓ 正解腹圍增加
肝硬化病人因門靜脈高壓（Portal hypertension）導致血管靜水壓升高，加上肝臟合成白蛋白能力下降導致血漿膠體滲透壓降低，液體滲漏至腹腔形成腹水（Ascites）。評估腹水最敏感且直接的物理檢查指標是腹圍增加，這反映了液體在腹腔內的容積性堆積。對於肝硬化病人，護理師應定期測量腹圍並觀察體重變化以監測病情進展。
In cirrhotic patients, portal hypertension raises vascular hydrostatic pressure, while the liver's reduced ability to synthesize albumin lowers plasma colloid osmotic pressure; fluid leaks into the peritoneal cavity, forming ascites. The most sensitive and direct physical exam finding for assessing ascites is an increase in abdominal girth, which reflects the volumetric accumulation of fluid within the abdomen. In cirrhotic patients, nurses should routinely measure abdominal girth and monitor weight changes to track disease progression.