— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護一位正經歷恐慌發作的個案時，應執行下列哪些行為？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following actions should the nurse perform when caring for a client who is experiencing a panic attack? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a calm, quiet, and firm demeanor✓ 正解保持冷靜、安靜且堅定的態度
- BProvide clear, short, and simple instructions✓ 正解提供清晰、簡短且簡單的指示
- CInstruct the client to breathe deeply into a paper bag指導個案用紙袋深呼吸
- DStay with the client until the symptoms subside✓ 正解陪伴個案直到症狀緩解
- ERedirect the client to a group discussion to distract them引導個案參與團體討論以轉移注意力
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
恐慌發作時個案認知功能下降，護理措施重點為減輕刺激與提供安全感。A與B能穩定病人情緒；D能降低病人的遺棄感與焦慮。C現已不建議使用紙袋，因為會造成二氧化碳滯留或導致窒息風險；E則太過刺激，恐慌期間無法有效參與團體活動。
When caring for a client experiencing a panic attack, the nurse should maintain a calm demeanor, provide clear and simple instructions, and stay with the client until symptoms subside to ensure safety and reduce anxiety. Interventions such as breathing into a paper bag are no longer recommended due to safety risks, and group settings are too stimulating during an acute episode.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫院在處理恐慌發作時，常會優先給予藥物介入，美國護理師則會先嘗試非藥物之環境控制與呼吸技巧引導。