— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師評估驚恐發作個案時，應預期出現哪些徵象？（選所有適合的）
Which assessment findings should a nurse expect in a client experiencing a panic attack? (Select all that apply.)
- APalpitations and tachycardia✓ 正解心悸和心搏過速
- BFeelings of unreality or depersonalization✓ 正解不真實感或人格解離感
- CSlow, rhythmic breathing緩慢且有節奏的呼吸
- DSense of impending doom✓ 正解末日來臨的感覺
- EShortness of breath or smothering sensations✓ 正解呼吸困難或窒息感
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
驚恐發作（Panic attack）表現為強烈的交感神經反應。身體徵狀包括心悸、呼吸困難與窒息感。心理層面常見失真感與瀕死感。呼吸特徵通常是過度換氣（Hyperventilation），而非緩慢的節律呼吸。識別這些症狀有助於與心肌梗塞鑑別診斷。
Panic attacks trigger a strong sympathetic nervous system response, resulting in palpitations, shortness of breath, and a sense of impending doom. Clients may also experience dissociative feelings such as depersonalization, whereas breathing is typically rapid rather than slow.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美方護理教育強調 Panic 與心臟疾病的鑑別；台灣醫療文化傾向先給予安神藥物。