— 基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師正在評估病人的睡眠型態。哪些因素會干擾老年人的睡眠品質？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is assessing a client's sleep patterns. Which factors can interfere with the quality of sleep in an older adult? (Select all that apply.)
- ANocturia✓ 正解夜尿
- BChronic pain from arthritis✓ 正解關節炎的慢性疼痛
- CIncreased Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep增加的快速動眼期（REM）睡眠
- DSide effects of diuretic medications✓ 正解利尿劑藥物的副作用
- ESleep apnea✓ 正解睡眠呼吸中止症
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
老年人常見睡眠干擾因素包括：夜尿（A）、慢性疼痛如關節炎（B）、利尿劑副作用導致頻尿（D）以及睡眠呼吸中止症（E）。老年人的 REM 睡眠實際上是減少的（C 錯誤），且深層睡眠（Stage 3/4）也會縮短，導致睡眠變淺且易中斷。
Common factors that disturb sleep in older adults include: nocturia (A), chronic pain such as arthritis (B), side effects of diuretics causing frequent urination (D), and obstructive sleep apnea (E). REM sleep actually decreases with aging (C is incorrect), and deep sleep (Stage 3/4) also shortens, leading to lighter and more easily interrupted sleep.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常使用特定量表（如 PSQI）評估睡眠；台灣臨床則較多著重於環境管理與安眠藥物的給予。