— 基本照護與舒適 · HARD · MCQ —
護理師準備餵食一位吞嚥困難的病人。哪種姿勢最能預防吸入性肺炎？
A nurse is preparing to feed a client with dysphagia. Which position is the most appropriate to prevent aspiration?
- ASupine with a small pillow under the head仰臥，頭下墊小枕頭
- BSemi-Fowler's position (30 degrees)半坐臥位 (30 度)
- CSide-lying position側臥位
- DHigh Fowler's position (60-90 degrees)✓ 正解高坐臥位 (60-90 度)
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
吞嚥困難者需將頭部與上半身豎直，以利重力引導吞嚥。High Fowler's（60-90度）能最大程度降低誤吸風險。仰臥位（Supine）與半坐臥（Semi-Fowler's）太低，容易造成嗆咳。側臥雖可預防嗆咳，但不適於餵食操作。
Clients with dysphagia need to have their head and upper body upright to allow gravity to assist swallowing. High Fowler's position (60–90 degrees) maximally reduces aspiration risk. Supine and Semi-Fowler's positions are too low and prone to causing choking. Although the side-lying position can prevent choking, it is not suitable for feeding.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國吞嚥評估多由語言治療師（ST）介入，台灣亦同，但護理師在病房的餵食安全監控是第一線核心。