在患有創傷後壓力症候群（PTSD）的個案中，哪項評估發現最為關鍵？
Which assessment finding in a client with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is most significant?
- APersistent feelings of guilt持續的内疚感
- BHypervigilance過度警覺
- CFlashbacks during stressful events✓ 正解壓力事件期間出現閃回
- DEmotional numbing情感麻木
PTSD 的核心診斷準則包含再體驗（如 Flashbacks）、逃避、警覺性增高與負面認知。儘管所有選項都是 PTSD 的症狀，但 Flashbacks 會導致個案喪失現實感，極度危險。個案可能因 Flashbacks 將環境錯認為創傷現場，進而引發攻擊或自我傷害行為，需被列為最需處理的緊急安全優先事項。
Core diagnostic criteria for PTSD include re-experiencing (such as flashbacks), avoidance, hyperarousal, and negative cognition. Although all options are symptoms of PTSD, flashbacks cause the client to lose touch with reality and are extremely dangerous. The client may misperceive the environment as the traumatic scene during a flashback and may exhibit aggressive or self-harming behavior, making flashbacks the most urgent safety priority to address.
台美臨床皆重視 PTSD，但在台灣，創傷常被社會壓力掩蓋，護理師需更主動篩檢這類隱形個案。