— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師評估疑似抗利尿激素分泌失調症候群（SIADH）的病人，應預期出現哪些檢驗結果？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is assessing a client with suspected SIADH. Which laboratory findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
- ASerum sodium 125 mEq/L✓ 正解血清鈉 125 mEq/L
- BSerum osmolality 295 mOsm/kg血清滲透壓 295 mOsm/kg
- CUrine specific gravity 1.030✓ 正解尿比重 1.030
- DDecreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)✓ 正解血液尿素氮（BUN）降低
- ESerum potassium 3.5 mEq/L血清鉀 3.5 mEq/L
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
SIADH 特徵為水分滯留導致稀釋性低血鈉、血清滲透壓下降（<275）、尿液濃縮（尿比重 >1.020）、低 BUN 以及低血清滲透壓。選項 B 滲透壓過高，E 選項鉀離子通常無特殊變化，此病理機轉重點在於水份過多導致體液稀釋。
SIADH causes water retention leading to dilutional hyponatremia, decreased serum osmolality, and concentrated urine with a specific gravity greater than 1.020. Hemodilution from excess fluid also results in a decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level. Serum osmolality would be low, not high, and potassium levels are typically unaffected.
✦ 台美臨床差異
SIADH 處理兩地皆嚴格限制水份攝取，但在美國護理師常需參與監測嚴格的液體平衡表（I/O balance），台灣則更仰賴護理站的輸液監控。