— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · MCQ —
病人被開立經由周邊靜脈點滴給予 20 mEq 的氯化鉀。護理師的優先行動為何？
A client is prescribed intravenous potassium chloride 20 mEq via peripheral IV. What is the nurse's priority action?
- AEnsure the client has a central venous line確認病人擁有中心靜脈導管
- BVerify the concentration does not exceed 10 mEq/100 mL✓ 正解驗證濃度不超過 10 mEq/100 mL
- CApply a warm compress to the IV site在靜脈注射部位施加溫熱敷
- DAdminister the dose as a rapid bolus作為快速推注劑量 administer
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀具有極強的組織刺激性。經由周邊靜脈給予時，濃度不得過高，通常建議不超過 10 mEq/100 mL，且輸注速度不可過快。D 會導致心臟驟停；C 周邊給予可行，只要稀釋濃度正確；C 對滲漏無治療意義且可能加速吸收，非給藥前程序。
Potassium chloride is extremely irritating to tissues. When administered through a peripheral vein, the concentration must not be too high, typically not exceeding 10 mEq/100 mL, and the infusion rate must not be too rapid. Option D would cause cardiac arrest; option A, peripheral administration, is acceptable as long as dilution is correct; option C has no therapeutic value for extravasation and may accelerate absorption, and is not a pre-administration procedure.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床皆嚴格限制鉀離子給藥速度與濃度，台灣護理師常需透過輸液幫浦進行嚴密速率控制。