— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
護理師照顧輸紅血球懸浮液的病人，下列哪些症狀暗示發生溶血性輸血反應？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client receiving a transfusion of packed red blood cells. Which signs suggest a hemolytic transfusion reaction? (Select all that apply.)
- ALow back pain✓ 正解腰背痛
- BHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- CFever and chills✓ 正解發燒與畏寒
- DBradycardia心搏過緩
- EHemoglobinuria✓ 正解血紅素尿
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性溶血反應是輸血中最嚴重的併發症，通常因 ABO 血型不合引起。症狀包括腰痛（腎小管阻塞）、低血壓（休克）、發燒畏寒（免疫反應）、以及因溶血產生的血紅素尿。心跳過緩（D）不常見，通常會出現心搏過速以代償循環障礙。
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction is the most serious complication of transfusion and is usually caused by ABO incompatibility. Symptoms include low back pain (renal tubular obstruction), hypotension (shock), fever and chills (immune response), and hemoglobinuria from hemolysis. Bradycardia (D) is uncommon; tachycardia typically occurs to compensate for circulatory compromise.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣輸血反應通報流程嚴格，護理師需立即停止輸血並更換生理食鹽水管路，此原則與美國相同。