— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些評估結果顯示病人出現液體容積負荷過重的徵象？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following assessments would indicate that a patient is experiencing signs of fluid volume overload? (Select all that apply.)
- ABounding peripheral pulses✓ 正解周邊脈搏強而有力
- BCrackles upon lung auscultation✓ 正解聽診肺部時出現囉音
- CElevated central venous pressure (CVP)✓ 正解中心靜脈壓（CVP）升高
- DDecreased blood pressure血壓下降
- EPresence of dependent edema✓ 正解存在下垂部位水腫
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
液體容積負荷過重（Fluid Overload）導致血管內壓力增加。臨床表現為：脈搏強而有力（Bounding pulses）、肺部聽診出現囉音（Crackles，因肺水腫）、中心靜脈壓（CVP）升高、以及下肢水腫。D 選項為脫水的徵象，與負荷過重相反。
Fluid volume overload increases intravascular pressure. Clinical manifestations include bounding pulses, crackles on lung auscultation (due to pulmonary edema), elevated central venous pressure (CVP), and dependent edema in the lower extremities. Option D, decreased blood pressure, is a sign of fluid volume deficit and is the opposite of fluid overload.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國臨床，護理師常依據 CVP 數值調整輸液速度；台灣則多由醫師依據病況決定輸液調整。