— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位 70 歲病患被診斷為急性腎損傷（AKI），護理師預期會發現下列哪項血液檢測結果？
A 70-year-old client is diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI). Which of the following serum lab results does the nurse expect to find?
- ADecreased potassium level鉀離子水平降低
- BDecreased phosphate level磷酸鹽水平降低
- CElevated BUN and creatinine✓ 正解BUN 和肌酸酐升高
- DIncreased hemoglobin血色素增加
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性腎損傷導致腎絲球過濾率（GFR）下降，造成氮質血症，因此血液尿素氮（BUN）與肌酸酐（Creatinine）數值會升高。鉀離子通常會上升（高血鉀）而非下降；紅血球生成素減少導致貧血（血紅素降低）；磷離子因腎排泄減少而上升。
Acute kidney injury causes a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), resulting in azotemia, so blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels will rise. Potassium typically rises (hyperkalemia) rather than falls; decreased erythropoietin leads to anemia (decreased hemoglobin); and phosphate rises due to decreased renal excretion.
✦ 台美臨床差異
無差異，檢驗數值解讀均相同。