— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師指導一位使用 Warfarin（抗凝血劑）的病人。病人說出哪些內容代表已了解指導？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about warfarin therapy. Which statements by the client indicate understanding? (Select all that apply.)
- AI will eat a large salad every day for lunch我每天午餐都會吃一大盤沙拉
- BI should use a soft-bristled toothbrush✓ 正解我應該使用軟毛牙刷
- CI will report any black, tarry stools immediately✓ 正解我會立即報告任何黑色、柏油樣糞便
- DI can take aspirin if I have a mild headache如果我頭痛，我可以服用阿斯匹靈
- EI need to get my INR checked regularly✓ 正解我需要定期接受INR檢查
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Warfarin 的衛教重點在於出血預防與藥物監測。維生素 K 攝取量需保持恆定（不可暴飲暴食綠色蔬菜），避免使用阿斯匹靈等會增加出血風險的藥物。牙刷應使用軟毛以防牙齦出血，並需密切監測 INR。黑便可能代表胃腸道出血，須緊急回診。
Understanding warfarin therapy includes using a soft-bristled toothbrush to minimize gum trauma, reporting black tarry stools as signs of gastrointestinal bleeding, and maintaining regular INR monitoring. Clients should also keep vitamin K intake consistent and avoid aspirin to reduce bleeding risks.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國病人常自行至檢驗所抽血，台灣則多回到醫院門診抽血，且台灣護理師常需額外教導避免使用中草藥。