社區護理師舉辦皮膚癌預防工作坊。對於淺膚色病人，哪項建議最合適？
A community health nurse is conducting a workshop on skin cancer prevention. Which recommendation is most appropriate for a client with fair skin?
- AApply sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher every 2 hours✓ 正解每 2 小時塗抹 SPF 30 或更高的防曬乳
- BUse tanning beds to build a base tan使用美黑燈建立基礎膚色
- CWear light-colored clothing to reflect sunlight穿著淺色衣物以反射陽光
- DAvoid sun exposure only between 10 AM and 2 PM僅在上午 10 點至下午 2 點之間避免日曬
皮膚癌預防的核心在於減少紫外線（Ultraviolet, UV）對皮膚細胞 DNA 的損傷。淺膚色（Fair skin）的人因黑色素含量較低，對紫外線的防禦力較弱，罹患皮膚癌（如基底細胞癌或黑色素瘤）的風險顯著較高。護理建議應包含正確的防曬產品使用（SPF 30+、廣譜防曬）、避開強烈紫外線時段、以及穿戴適當的防護衣物。此題強調的是最具預防效益且符合臨床標準的建議。
The core of skin cancer prevention is reducing UV damage to the DNA of skin cells. Fair-skinned individuals, with lower melanin content, have weaker defenses against UV radiation and a significantly higher risk of skin cancers (such as basal cell carcinoma or melanoma). Nursing recommendations should include proper use of sunscreen (SPF 30+, broad spectrum), avoidance of peak UV hours, and wearing appropriate protective clothing. This question emphasizes the recommendation with the greatest preventive benefit and best alignment with clinical standards.
美國皮膚科醫學會（AAD）對於防曬的衛教非常嚴格，特別強調「廣譜（Broad-spectrum）」防曬乳（能同時防 UVA 與 UVB）。台灣民眾常有「陰天不用防曬」的迷思，美國衛教則強調紫外線即使在陰天也能穿透雲層，因此防曬應視為每日例行公事（Daily routine），不分天氣與季節。