— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
下列哪些是服用華法林(warfarin)病人應遵循的護理指導?(選所有適合的)
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a client taking warfarin? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods✓ 正解維持攝取富含維生素K的食物量一致
- BUse a soft-bristled toothbrush to prevent gum bleeding✓ 正解使用軟毛牙刷以預防牙齦出血
- CReport any unexplained bruising or nosebleeds✓ 正解報告任何不明原因的瘀青或鼻出血
- DIncrease intake of green leafy vegetables significantly大幅增加綠色葉菜類的攝取量
- ECarry a medical alert identification card✓ 正解攜帶醫療警示識別卡
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Warfarin 作用機制為抑制維生素 K 依賴性凝血因子。病人需維持飲食中維生素 K 攝取的一致性,不可大幅增加(如 D 選項錯誤),以免干擾藥效。預防出血是護理核心,包括軟毛牙刷、警惕異常出血以及攜帶醫療識別證以便緊急救護。
Clients on warfarin should maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods to prevent INR fluctuations and use soft-bristled toothbrushes to minimize gum trauma. They must report unexplained bruising or bleeding as signs of potential overdose and carry medical alert identification to ensure appropriate emergency care.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫護系統對華法林病人的衛教極度依賴抗凝血門診(Anticoagulation Clinic);台灣則多由醫師或衛教師透過門診進行指導,藥師參與度日益提升。