— 降低風險 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照護一位全髖關節置換術後的病人，下列哪項措施對於預防術後併發症最為優先？
A nurse is caring for a client who is post-operative following a total hip arthroplasty. Which action is priority to prevent post-operative complications?
- AAdminister analgesics on a scheduled basis按時給予止痛藥
- BEncourage use of an incentive spirometer✓ 正解鼓勵使用誘發性肺量計
- CPerform neurovascular checks every 4 hours每4小時進行神經血管評估
- DApply compression stockings as ordered依指示穿戴彈性襪
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
術後最常見且危及生命的併發症為肺部合併症，如肺塌陷或肺炎。鼓勵使用誘發性肺量計（Incentive Spirometer）可有效預防肺部積痰並維持肺部擴張。其餘選項雖重要，但呼吸道維護在術後首日具備更高優先級，以避免急性呼吸功能不全。
The most common and life-threatening postoperative complications are pulmonary problems such as atelectasis or pneumonia. Encouraging use of an incentive spirometer effectively prevents pulmonary secretion retention and maintains lung expansion. Although the other options are important, airway maintenance has higher priority on the first postoperative day to avoid acute respiratory insufficiency.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師在呼吸衛教方面有明確的 Protocol 指引；台灣則常依賴呼吸治療師（RT）會診後執行。